{"id":7723,"date":"2026-10-27T08:44:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T00:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/?p=7723"},"modified":"2026-11-06T10:15:57","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T02:15:57","slug":"camera-resolution-pixel-size-and-the-smallest-defect-you-can-see","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/knowledge-news\/camera-resolution-pixel-size-and-the-smallest-defect-you-can-see\/","title":{"rendered":"Kamera \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Piksel Boyutu ve G\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz En K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kusur"},"content":{"rendered":"

Denetim kameralar\u0131yla ilgili teknik \u00f6zellik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 genellikle tek bir rakama indirgenir: megapiksel. Bu rakam, teklifler aras\u0131nda kolayca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ve teknik \u00f6zellik tablosuna s\u0131\u011far. Oysa sahadan gelen raporlar, z\u0131t y\u00f6nlerden ayn\u0131 \u015fikayeti dile getiriyor. Y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc bir kamera, kom\u015fu \u00fcretim hatt\u0131ndaki daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc bir sistemin yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7izikleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131rken, dar bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir sens\u00f6r, fiyat\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 kat\u0131 pahal\u0131 ekipmanlardan daha iyi performans g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir kameran\u0131n alg\u0131layabilece\u011fi en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kusur, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu, par\u00e7adaki bir pikselin uzamsal \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fiyle belirlenir; bu \u00f6l\u00e7ek, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n o eksen boyunca piksel say\u0131s\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilir. \u00d6rnekleme teorisine g\u00f6re, bir kusurun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in en az iki piksel geni\u015fli\u011finde olmas\u0131, g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde tespit edilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ila be\u015f piksel geni\u015fli\u011finde olmas\u0131 ve boyut \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ise on veya daha fazla piksel geni\u015fli\u011finde olmas\u0131 gerekir. Piksel boyutu, her bir \u00f6rne\u011fin ne kadar \u0131\u015f\u0131k toplayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu teorik s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n ger\u00e7ek optik, ayd\u0131nlatma ve hareket ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde bu iki rakam, piksel ba\u015f\u0131na milimetre \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmekte ve ard\u0131ndan \u00f6rnekleme, k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m, kontrast ve h\u0131z\u0131n sonucu ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"siyah<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Piksel Boyutu Nas\u0131l Farkl\u0131 Anlamlara Gelir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, \u00f6rneklerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirtir; piksel boyutu ise bunlar aras\u0131ndaki mesafeyi \u00f6l\u00e7er. Daha fazla piksel, ayn\u0131 alana \u00f6rnekleri daha ince bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rken, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck pikseller her \u00f6rnekte daha fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k toplar. Her iki de\u011fer de, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 ve kusurla ili\u015fkilendirilmedik\u00e7e kameran\u0131n neyi alg\u0131layabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermez.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her veri sayfas\u0131nda bu iki teknik \u00f6zellik yan yana yer almaktad\u0131r; bu da bunlar\u0131n tek bir konunun farkl\u0131 varyasyonlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektedir. Biri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n\u0131 sayarken, di\u011feri \u00f6rnekleme aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fini belirler. Gereksinimler, varl\u0131k kontrol\u00fcnden tam k\u00fcmeye kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r: g\u00f6zle inceleme ve tespit i\u015flevleri<\/a> Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir hat s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, hi\u00e7bir tekil kombinasyon her g\u00f6reve uygun de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, Piksel Say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, sens\u00f6r \u00fczerindeki piksel say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve dikd\u00f6rtgen bir dizi olarak ifade edilir. 2.448 x 2.048 boyutlar\u0131ndaki bir sens\u00f6r, be\u015f milyondan biraz fazla fotosit bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r ve 5 megapiksel olarak sat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu toplam de\u011fer, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r ancak m\u00fchendislik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan neredeyse hi\u00e7 i\u015fe yaramaz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yatay y\u00f6nde uzanan bir kusur, o eksendeki 2.448 piksel ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. 40 mm'lik bir alan boyunca 5 megapiksel, piksel ba\u015f\u0131na 0,016 mm'lik bir de\u011fer verir; 600 mm'lik bir alanda ise piksel ba\u015f\u0131na 0,245 mm'lik bir de\u011fer verir; bu, donan\u0131mda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmadan on be\u015f kat daha kaba bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piksel Boyutu, \u00d6rnekleme Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Piksel boyutu, bir fotositin mikrometre cinsinden fiziksel geni\u015fli\u011fidir. Bunu piksel say\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7arparsan\u0131z sens\u00f6r\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 elde edersiniz: 5,5 mikrometre pikselden olu\u015fan 1.024 x 1.024'l\u00fck bir dizi 5,6 mm kare alan kaplarken, 3,45 mikrometre pikselden olu\u015fan ayn\u0131 dizi 3,5 mm kare alan kaplar. Bir fotosit, alan\u0131na orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak fotonlar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr; bu nedenle daha b\u00fcy\u00fck piksel, yakla\u015f\u0131k iki bu\u00e7uk kat daha fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k toplar. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck pikseller sinyal kalitesini art\u0131r\u0131r; daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pikseller ise \u00f6rnekleme yo\u011funlu\u011funu art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fclk<\/td>Kamera \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/td>Piksel boyutu<\/td><\/tr>
Birim<\/td>piksel<\/td>mikrometre<\/td><\/tr>
A\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r<\/td>ka\u00e7 numune al\u0131n\u0131r<\/td>\u00f6rnekler aras\u0131ndaki aral\u0131k<\/td><\/tr>
Bunu art\u0131rmak<\/td>sabit bir sens\u00f6r alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde daha ince \u00f6rnekleme<\/td>\u00f6rnek ba\u015f\u0131na daha fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k, daha kaba \u00f6rnekleme<\/td><\/tr>
G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kusur \u00fczerindeki etkisi<\/td>piksel ba\u015f\u0131na milimetre d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr<\/td>her bir \u00f6rne\u011fin arkas\u0131ndaki \u0131\u015f\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7esini belirler<\/td><\/tr>
Ana maliyet<\/td>bant geni\u015fli\u011fi, kare h\u0131z\u0131, lens kalitesi<\/td>hassasiyet, dinamik aral\u0131k, sens\u00f6r alan\u0131<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kameran\u0131z\u0131n Alg\u0131layabilece\u011fi En K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kusurun Hesaplanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131 o eksen boyunca piksel say\u0131s\u0131na b\u00f6lerek piksel ba\u015f\u0131na milimetre de\u011ferini elde edin; ard\u0131ndan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kusuru bu de\u011fere b\u00f6lerek kusurun ka\u00e7 pikseli kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin. \u0130ki pikselden daha dar bir kusur prensipte ay\u0131rt edilemez; \u00fc\u00e7 ila be\u015f piksel ise g\u00fcvenilir alg\u0131lama i\u00e7in pratik e\u015fik de\u011ferdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tahmin i\u015flemi iki dakika s\u00fcrer ve fiyat teklifi haz\u0131rlanmadan \u00f6nce uygun olmayan kameralar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu eler. Yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131, kusur boyutu ve bir eksen boyunca piksel say\u0131s\u0131 bilgisi gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piksel Ba\u015f\u0131na Milimetre Form\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu hesaplama, teklif inceleme a\u015famas\u0131nda yap\u0131labilecek kadar basit oldu\u011fundan, genellikle atlanmaktad\u0131r. Piksel ba\u015f\u0131na milimetre, bir eksendeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 eksendeki piksel say\u0131s\u0131na b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilir. 300 mm'lik bir alan\u0131n 4.096 piksel \u00fczerinden g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesi gerekiyorsa, her piksel 0,073 mm'yi temsil eder ve 0,3 mm'lik bir kusur yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt pikseli kaplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teknik \u00f6zellik hesaplamalar\u0131 ters y\u00f6nde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Gerekli piksel say\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n kusur boyutuna b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ve bunun kusur boyunca istenen piksel say\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7arp\u0131lmas\u0131yla elde edilir. 300 mm\u2019lik bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131nda 0,3 mm\u2019lik bir kusur i\u00e7in, hedef d\u00f6rt piksel olarak belirlendi\u011finde, sonu\u00e7 o eksende 4.000 piksel olur. 4.096 pikseli olan bir sens\u00f6r bu gereksinimi kar\u015f\u0131lar; 2.448 pikseli olan bir sens\u00f6r ise megapiksel de\u011feri ne olursa olsun bu gereksinimi kar\u015f\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir kusuru kaplamak i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 piksel gerekir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Evrensel bir sabit de\u011fer yoktur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc cevap, kusurun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Eksik bir bile\u015fen geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 aniden de\u011fi\u015ftirir; f\u0131r\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f bir y\u00fczeydeki ince bir \u00e7izik ise gri tonunu y\u00fczde birka\u00e7 oran\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Bu rakamlar standartlardan ziyade m\u00fchendislik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktalar\u0131d\u0131r ve her biri ger\u00e7ek numunelerle do\u011frulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denetim g\u00f6revi<\/td>\u00d6zellik boyunca uzanan pikseller<\/td>Gerek\u00e7e<\/td><\/tr>
Varl\u0131k ya da yokluk<\/td>2 ila 3<\/td>kararl\u0131 bir alan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yeterlidir<\/td><\/tr>
Y\u00fczey kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti<\/td>3 ila 5<\/td>Kontrast, y\u00fczey i\u015fleme, a\u00e7\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nlatmaya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir<\/td><\/tr>
Boyutsal \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm<\/td>10 veya daha fazla<\/td>ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve kenar tekrarlanabilirli\u011fi belirleyici unsurlard\u0131r<\/td><\/tr>
OCR ve kod okuma<\/td>Her vuru\u015fta 5 veya daha fazla<\/td>bask\u0131 kalitesi ve bozulma, kenar bo\u015flu\u011funu azalt\u0131r<\/td><\/tr>
Robot rehberli\u011fi<\/td>Referans noktas\u0131nda 5 veya daha fazla<\/td>Konumun tekrarlanabilirli\u011fi, boyuttan daha \u00f6nemlidir<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kenar bo\u015flu\u011fu dalgalanmalar\u0131 telafi eder; ancak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc iyile\u015ftirmez. Tam olarak bir pikseli kaplayan bir \u00f6zellik, par\u00e7a hareket ettik\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131k ve koyu aras\u0131nda titrer ve hi\u00e7bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bu kadar dengesiz bir sinyali sabitleyemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7 Farkl\u0131 G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Alan\u0131 Boyutunda Uygulamal\u0131 \u00d6rnek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4.096 piksel dizisine sahip 12 megapiksel bir sens\u00f6r al\u0131n ve bunu \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131na y\u00f6neltin. Kamera hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmez; de\u011fi\u015fen \u015fey, kameran\u0131n yetenekleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131<\/td>Piksel ba\u015f\u0131na milimetre<\/td>\u0130ki piksellik zemin<\/td>Be\u015f pikselde pratik s\u0131n\u0131r<\/td><\/tr>
60 mm<\/td>0.0146<\/td>0,029 mm<\/td>0,073 mm<\/td><\/tr>
300 mm<\/td>0.073<\/td>0,146 mm<\/td>0,366 mm<\/td><\/tr>
600 mm<\/td>0.146<\/td>0,293 mm<\/td>0,732 mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak, ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yar\u0131ya indirir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ayn\u0131 sens\u00f6rle iki kat daha geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 taramak, tespit edilebilir kalan kusur boyutunu iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Hem geni\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 hem de ince kusurlar\u0131n tespit edilmesi zorunlu oldu\u011funda, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak daha fazla kamera kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, istasyon ba\u015f\u0131na daha dar bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 veya sat\u0131r tarama d\u00fczeni tercih edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nyquist S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Neden Fiziksel Bir Alt S\u0131n\u0131r Belirler?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rnekleme teorisi, bir deseni yeniden olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in her d\u00f6ng\u00fcde en az iki \u00f6rnek al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir; bu da g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme alan\u0131nda, bir kusurun \u00e7evresinden en az bir piksel kadar ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k iki pikselden daha dar \u00f6zellikler, yaz\u0131l\u0131m nas\u0131l ayarlan\u0131rsa ayarlans\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez kal\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131n\u0131r, elektronik olmaktan ziyade geometrik bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, her sens\u00f6r, lens ve algoritma kombinasyonuna ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rnekleme, Aliasing ve \u0130ki Piksel Kural\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Aralar\u0131 k\u0131sa mesafede bulunan iki parlak \u00f6zelli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. E\u011fer aral\u0131k, bir pikselin tamamen i\u00e7ine s\u0131\u011fmas\u0131na ve herhangi bir sinyal kaydetmemesine izin veriyorsa, \u00f6zellikler ayr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. E\u011fer aral\u0131k bir pikselden daha dar ise, o karanl\u0131k \u00f6rnek hi\u00e7 olu\u015fmaz, \u00f6zellikler birle\u015fir ve bilgi, herhangi bir algoritma taraf\u0131ndan alg\u0131lanamadan kaybolur. Bu, Nyquist-Shannon \u00f6rnekleme teoremi<\/a> g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme alan\u0131nda uygulan\u0131r ve i\u015fte bu nedenle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pikseller performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flarken, enterpolasyon bunu ba\u015faramaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferine yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde kaybolmaz. Bunun yerine, sahte bir desen, moir\u00e9 \u015feridi veya par\u00e7a hareket ettik\u00e7e yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir kenar olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Denet\u00e7iler bazen bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek kusurlar olarak yorumlar; bu da, yetersiz \u00f6rneklemeli bir sistemi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yetersiz olan bir sistemden daha k\u00f6t\u00fc hale getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lens, Darbo\u011faz Haline Geldi\u011finde<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sens\u00f6r, yaln\u0131zca optik sistemin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 kaydedebilir. Bir diyafram, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir nokta yerine bir lekeye k\u0131rar ve bu lekenin \u00e7ap\u0131, yani Airy diski, dalga boyu ve f-say\u0131s\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. 550 nm dalga boyunda ve f\/4 diyafram a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu \u00e7ap yakla\u015f\u0131k 5,4 mikrometredir. Bu lensin arkas\u0131na 2,4 mikrometre piksel yerle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, her piksel kendisinden daha geni\u015f bir bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekler; fazladan pikseller, daha fazla ayr\u0131nt\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmadan bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha hassas bir \u015fekilde kaydeder. Bu prensip optik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/a> Hi\u00e7bir istisna kabul etmez: En zay\u0131f halka s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir Kamera \u0130\u00e7in Uygun Piksel Boyutu Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Evrensel olarak do\u011fru bir piksel boyutu yoktur; yaln\u0131zca mevcut \u0131\u015f\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve istenen ayr\u0131nt\u0131 d\u00fczeyine uygun bir boyut vard\u0131r. Kontroll\u00fc ayd\u0131nlatma ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan genel end\u00fcstriyel denetimler i\u00e7in 3,45 ila 5,5 mikrometre dengeli bir aral\u0131kt\u0131r; 2,4 mikrometre, parlak ve e\u015fit ayd\u0131nlatmaya sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanlarda y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fctme oranl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara uygundur; 6 mikrometre ve \u00fczeri ise, sinyal kalitesinin ince detaylardan daha \u00f6ncelikli oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 veya y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara uygundur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevcut ayd\u0131nlatma, beklenen kusur kontrast\u0131 ve hat h\u0131z\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fken sabitlendi\u011finde se\u00e7enekler daral\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piksel boyutu<\/td>Tipik g\u00f6rev<\/td>G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Y\u00f6nler<\/td>K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar<\/td><\/tr>
Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,4 mikrometre<\/td>y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fctme, dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131<\/td>piksel ba\u015f\u0131na en ince milimetreler<\/td>d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tam kuyu kapasitesi, zorlu \u0131\u015f\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,45 mikrometre<\/td>genel denetim<\/td>dengeli ayr\u0131nt\u0131 ve sinyal<\/td>lens, \u00f6rnekleme frekans\u0131 ile uyumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/td><\/tr>
Yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,8 mikrometre<\/td>genel ama\u00e7l\u0131, orta h\u0131zda<\/td>iyi sinyal-g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc oran\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerine dayan\u0131kl\u0131<\/td>ayn\u0131 piksel say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sens\u00f6r<\/td><\/tr>
5,5 ila 6,5 mikrometre<\/td>d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131k, y\u00fcksek h\u0131z, geni\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131<\/td>y\u00fcksek hassasiyet, geni\u015f dinamik aral\u0131k<\/td>daha kaba \u00f6rnekleme, daha hantal optik sistemler<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Piksel Boyutu Nedir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcketici sens\u00f6rleri art\u0131k bir mikrometrenin alt\u0131na iniyor; bunlar foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan etkileyici olsa da denetim i\u00e7in yetersiz modeller. End\u00fcstriyel alan ise \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131tlaman\u0131n etkisiyle 2,2 ila 2,4 mikrometre civar\u0131nda seyrediyor. Tam kuyu kapasitesi piksel alan\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r; bu nedenle piksel geni\u015fli\u011finin yar\u0131ya indirilmesi, kapasiteyi d\u00f6rtte birine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve dinamik aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 daralt\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fotositlerin \u00fczerindeki mikro mercekler, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca normal geli\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n durumlarda verimli bir \u015fekilde al\u0131r; bu nedenle eksen d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar, kom\u015fu piksellere parazit olarak s\u0131zar ve mod\u00fclasyon transfer fonksiyonunu bozar. Airy diski birka\u00e7 piksel geni\u015fli\u011fini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise k\u0131r\u0131n\u0131m, ilerlemeyi durdurur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu maliyet, teknik \u00f6zelliklerdeki bir kusurdan ziyade g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir fotosit, ayn\u0131 pozlamada daha az foton toplar; bu nedenle sinyal-g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer ve bunu telafi etmek i\u00e7in pozlama s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. H\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u00fcretim hatt\u0131nda bu iki se\u00e7enek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck karar\u0131, verim karar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen \u00f6zellikler, \u00f6rne\u011fin EMVA 1288 standard\u0131<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131ktaki piksel say\u0131s\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, Megapiksel ve Video Standartlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1080p, 1.920 x 1.080 piksel, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,1 megapikseldir; oysa 12 megapiksel end\u00fcstriyel sens\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc genellikle 4.096 x 3.000 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck cihaz, piksel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse alt\u0131 kat\u0131na ve yatay \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn iki kat\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131na sahiptir; bu nedenle bu iki format, denetim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu iki terim farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerden gelmektedir ve farkl\u0131 sorulara yan\u0131t vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 MP, 1080p ile ayn\u0131 m\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, her iki terimin de tedarik alan\u0131nda geni\u015f bir anlamla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r; bunlardan biri yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131ndan, di\u011feri ise sens\u00f6r pazarlamas\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En-boy oran\u0131, toplam piksel say\u0131s\u0131 kadar \u00f6nemlidir: 16:9 oran\u0131ndaki 12 megapiksel bir sens\u00f6r, 4:3 oran\u0131ndakine k\u0131yasla daha az dikey piksel i\u00e7erir ve dikey y\u00f6nde uzanan bir kusur, daha k\u0131sa olan eksen taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u00e7im<\/td>Piksel dizisi<\/td>Megapiksel<\/td>Yatay pikseller<\/td><\/tr>
VGA<\/td>640 x 480<\/td>0.3<\/td>640<\/td><\/tr>
720p<\/td>1.280 x 720<\/td>0.9<\/td>1,280<\/td><\/tr>
1080p<\/td>1.920 x 1.080<\/td>2.1<\/td>1,920<\/td><\/tr>
5 megapiksel<\/td>2.448 x 2.048<\/td>5.0<\/td>2,448<\/td><\/tr>
12 megapiksel<\/td>4.096 x 3.000<\/td>12.3<\/td>4,096<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Kamera \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Nedir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Resmi bir minimum de\u011fer yoktur ve 640 x 480 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc VGA sens\u00f6rler, bir par\u00e7an\u0131n sabitleme aparat\u0131na oturdu\u011funun do\u011frulanmas\u0131 gibi kaba i\u015flerde h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Alt s\u0131n\u0131r, geleneklere de\u011fil, aritmeti\u011fe g\u00f6re belirlenir. 640 piksel eksen 200 mm'yi kaps\u0131yorsa, her piksel 0,31 mm'yi temsil eder ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olarak yaln\u0131zca yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 mm'nin \u00fczerindeki kusurlar tespit edilebilir. Bunun yeterli oldu\u011fu durumlarda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc bir sens\u00f6r do\u011fru se\u00e7imdir; daha ucuzdur ve ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 daha kolayd\u0131r. Yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ise, hi\u00e7bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapatamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"beyaz<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tespit ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm \u0130\u00e7in Farkl\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckler Gereklidir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Alg\u0131lama, bir \u015feyin mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgular; \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ise belirlenen bir tolerans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu sorgular. Alg\u0131lama, bir \u00f6zelli\u011fin \u00fc\u00e7 ila be\u015f piksel geni\u015fli\u011finde olmas\u0131yla ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilirken, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm genellikle on veya daha fazla piksel gerektirir; buna ek olarak kalibrasyon, bozulma d\u00fczeltmesi ve tekrarlanabilir par\u00e7a sunumu da gereklidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u0131c\u0131lar genellikle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm performans\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir kamera belirler ve ard\u0131ndan onu alg\u0131lama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirir ya da tam tersini yaparlar. \u00c7atlak bir kenar\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde tespit eden bir sistem, \u00e7atlak derinli\u011fini on mikrometreye kadar bildiremeyebilir. Bir optik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm makinesi<\/a>, burada s\u00f6z konusu olan de\u011fer, t\u00fcm zincirin belirsizli\u011fidir: lens bozulmas\u0131, perspektif hatas\u0131, kalibrasyon sapmas\u0131, platform tekrarlanabilirli\u011fi ve kenar netli\u011fi; bunlar\u0131n hepsi bu belirsizli\u011fe katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alt Piksel \u0130\u015flemenin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Var<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alt piksel algoritmalar\u0131, iyi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir kenar\u0131n konumunu bir pikselin kesirine kadar (bazen onda birine kadar) tahmin eder; bu, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ve hizalama i\u00e7in yararl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerini almaz. Hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f bir kenar, kendisiyle ilgili hi\u00e7bir bilgi i\u00e7ermeyen \u00f6rnekler aras\u0131nda enterpolasyon yap\u0131larak geri kazan\u0131lamaz. Alt piksel i\u015fleme, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir \u00f6zelli\u011fin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hassasla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kusuru s\u0131n\u0131rlayan ba\u015fka neler vard\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve piksel boyutu, sistemin neyi g\u00f6rebilece\u011fini de\u011fil, sens\u00f6r\u00fcn neyi \u00f6rnekleyebilece\u011fini belirler. Kontrast, odak, alan derinli\u011fi ve hareket bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, her biri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir s\u0131n\u0131r getirir ve bunlar aras\u0131nda en k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 olan\u0131 sonucu belirler.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, hesaplanan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00fcretim hatt\u0131yla temas ettikten sonra da korunup korunmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kontrast, piksellerden de\u011fil, ayd\u0131nlatmadan kaynaklan\u0131r<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bir kamera, kendisine ula\u015fan \u0131\u015f\u0131kta herhangi bir fark yaratmayan bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi alg\u0131layamaz. Cilal\u0131 metal \u00fczerindeki ince bir \u00e7izik, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u00f6nden ayd\u0131nlatma alt\u0131nda kaybolabilirken, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 karanl\u0131k alan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7izik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 merce\u011fe do\u011fru sa\u00e7arken, \u00e7evresindeki y\u00fczey bunu yapmaz. Arka \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 bir siluet, \u00f6nden ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n asla g\u00f6steremedi\u011fi profil kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flar; ayd\u0131nlatma ise ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 anlaml\u0131 k\u0131lan fark\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hareket Bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Alan Derinli\u011fi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Deklan\u015f\u00f6r a\u00e7\u0131kken bir par\u00e7a hareket ederse, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bulan\u0131kla\u015f\u0131r. Piksellerdeki bulan\u0131kl\u0131k, par\u00e7an\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n pozlama s\u00fcresiyle \u00e7arp\u0131l\u0131p piksel ba\u015f\u0131na milimetreye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir piksel bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar kaybolur ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm kalitesi daha erken d\u00fc\u015fer. K\u0131sa pozlama s\u00fcreleri bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderir ancak toplanan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve sorunu tekrar piksel boyutu ve ayd\u0131nlatma sorununa geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu durumda alan derinli\u011fi de kendi k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131n\u0131 ekler; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcksekli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fen veya konvey\u00f6r \u00fczerinde gev\u015fek bir \u015fekilde duran par\u00e7alar, kullan\u0131labilir odak band\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na kayar ve en ince \u00f6rnekleme bu band\u0131 daralt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karma\u015f\u0131k Par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in \u00c7oklu G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Kapsam\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tek bir kamera tek bir y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rebilir. Ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131, konekt\u00f6rler ve kal\u0131pla \u00fcretilmi\u015f bile\u015fenler, ayn\u0131 anda birden fazla y\u00fczeyde kusurlar bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r ve yaln\u0131zca \u00fcst y\u00fczeyin incelenmesi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ne olursa olsun geri kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n incelenmeden kalmas\u0131na neden olur. Birka\u00e7 kamera kullanan \u00e7oklu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f d\u00fczenlemeleri veya kademeli d\u00f6nd\u00fcrme, bu soruna genellikle uygulanan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr; i\u015fte bu nedenle alt\u0131 y\u00fczl\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kontrol ekipman\u0131<\/a> mevcut: \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, geometriyi telafi edemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00e7ek Bir Denetim G\u00f6revi \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Nas\u0131l Belirleyebilirim?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Megapiksel de\u011ferinden de\u011fil, kusurdan ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. Piksel ba\u015f\u0131na milimetreyi hesaplay\u0131n, g\u00f6reve uygun bir pay b\u0131rak\u0131n, lensin bu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ay\u0131rt edebildi\u011fini do\u011frulay\u0131n, ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n kusuru ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin ve ancak o zaman donan\u0131m se\u00e7imine karar verin.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir tedarik\u00e7i, girdiler eksiksiz oldu\u011funda bir sistemi h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde boyutland\u0131rabilir; ancak girdiler eksik oldu\u011funda yanl\u0131\u015f tahminlerde bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamera Se\u00e7meden \u00d6nce Haz\u0131rlaman\u0131z Gereken Bilgiler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Par\u00e7an\u0131n bu alan i\u00e7indeki konum de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. En dar boyutuna g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen, reddedilmesi gereken en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kusur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Kabul kriteri: belirlenen bir tolerans dahilinde alg\u0131lama, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma veya \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Maksimum pozlama s\u00fcresini ve gerekli kare h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen d\u00f6ng\u00fc s\u00fcresi veya hat h\u0131z\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma mesafesi ve kamera yerle\u015ftirilmesinde dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken mekanik k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Do\u011fal varyasyonu g\u00f6steren, iyi, kusurlu ve s\u0131n\u0131rda olan temsili numuneler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Ayd\u0131nlatma stratejisini ve kontrast\u0131 belirleyen y\u00fczey kaplamas\u0131 ve renk.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Bu girdilerle, yukar\u0131daki hesaplama makul bir tan\u0131m ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. S\u0131ralama sistemlerine uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu hesaplama, bir optik ay\u0131rma makinesi<\/a> Besleme h\u0131z\u0131, istasyon ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 ve ay\u0131rt etmesi gereken kusur s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 olmadan bu \u00f6zelliklerin pek bir anlam\u0131 yoktur. Dar bir \u015ferit \u00fczerinde y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir makine, yar\u0131 piksel yo\u011funlu\u011funda geni\u015f bir band\u0131 kapsayan bir makineyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00c7o\u011fu proje daha sonra tan\u0131d\u0131k bir ak\u0131\u015f izler: se\u00e7enekleri daraltan bir hesaplama, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 eleyen bir lens ve ayd\u0131nlatma denemesi ve kalan se\u00e7ene\u011fi do\u011frulayan ger\u00e7ek numuneler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bir uygulanabilirlik testi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"gri<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    5 megapiksel bir kamera, 0,05 mm'lik bir kusuru tespit edebilir mi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00fcmk\u00fcn, ancak yaln\u0131zca dar bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131nda. Kusurun d\u00f6rt piksel geni\u015fli\u011fini hedefleyen 2.448 piksel eksenli bir sens\u00f6r, piksel ba\u015f\u0131na 0,0125 mm'ye ihtiya\u00e7 duyar ve bu da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 mm ile s\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bu geni\u015fli\u011fin \u00f6tesinde kamera kusuru ay\u0131rt edemez. Kamera yetenekli; k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 unsur geometridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Renkli bir kamera, tek renkli bir kameraya k\u0131yasla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kayb\u0131na u\u011frar m\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Etkili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fer. Bir renk sens\u00f6r\u00fc, her bir fotositi filtreleyerek tek bir ana rengi kaydetmesini sa\u011flar ve eksik de\u011ferler kom\u015fu de\u011ferlerden enterpolasyon yoluyla doldurulur. Bu durum, elde edilebilen mod\u00fclasyon transfer fonksiyonunu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 yumu\u015fat\u0131r. \u0130nce y\u00fczey \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in tek renkli se\u00e7enek daha iyi bir tercih olmaya devam ederken, renkli se\u00e7enek ise renk tonunun ay\u0131rt edici bilgi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bir \u00e7izgi taramal\u0131 kamera, ne zaman bir alan taramal\u0131 kameran\u0131n yerine kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Sat\u0131r tarama, film, levha, tel veya tekstil gibi s\u00fcrekli malzemeler i\u00e7in, alan sens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131da piksele ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f alanlar ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde d\u00f6nen silindirik par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in uygundur. Tarama y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, piksel say\u0131s\u0131ndan ziyade sat\u0131r h\u0131z\u0131 ve par\u00e7a h\u0131z\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir; bu nedenle hareket hesaplamas\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Specification conversations about inspection cameras tend to collapse into one number: megapixels. It compares neatly across quotations and fits on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":2317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7723"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7730,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7723\/revisions\/7730"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unitecho.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}